

. -ti 







■jtg&KX 


















^f^ cw: * 



ccck: ~*C r< :c cc^X- 









LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. I 



- ore - <x^ <c. 



«<£<£ 
&<&<£ 



[SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT.] J 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ! 






4C-C <X «C c 

. cc <3tr ■* 












"«5&-«2 



*3S"«- 



^i^^< 






c < 

c c^ - i f - 



t< aSt« c 

W mi 



* cCC C C C« 

><Tc^c f « ■■<■ < \ 



v. C C 

S « «c<«;<CC 

< < 



■ «gr <?<:< 






St «. > < <•*« 
< *r c « 

C c C «T <L 

CcC(CC4< «,<■ f 5 S*5 
CCC< CCO<C( cc V< 

. « c< C CC .CCC <C ' £-J 



re CC C CC C CC C C 

: ceo ccc c cc a 

go cCO c<C «- CC <- 



C<F<< 



c < <C i CO 

; c < c 

ccC 

■ <&cc< 



o < < 

< vc C C« 

a c < 

q <r « 
<C < <C C <2 
d < 

, <r <rc?<c< 

C c< C < 
c c c 
C C Cc 
c c c 
c c exec; 

s . .<* C-C C.< 

iCCcc c 



<fc c < 

«~C C: c 



<xc< <: 

.» <*rc_ 



* CC; 

3 ^C 

C C C 

< 
: « c 
<: cc 

' ■ c.C 
<"C 

Cc c C 



<c«*£L 



crcc< ( 



c cc 



<«T "c c 



<3C C 

r • (ccccc C 






CONSTITUTION 



OF THE 



STATE OF ILLINOIS. 



ADOPTED AND RATIFIED, 



1870. 






\ 



SPRINGFIELD, ILL. < 

ILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL JOB PRINT. 
187S. 



1*% 



tf 



CONSTITUTION OF ILLINOIS. 



I. Boundaries of the State 4 

II. Bill of Rights 4 

III. Distribution of Powers 7 

1Y. Legislative Department 7 

V. Executive Department 17 

YL Judicial Department 23 

VII. Suffrage 32 

VIII. Education 33 

IX. Revenue 34 

X. Counties 36 

XI. Corporations 40 

XII. Militia 44 

XIII. Warehouses 45 

XIV. Amendments to tee Constitution . . 46 

Separate Sections 47 

Schedule 48 

Certificate 49 

Proclamation 50 



PREAMBLE. 



We, the people of the State of Illinois— grateful to Almighty 
God for the civil, political and religious liberty which He hath so 
long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing up- 
on our endeavors to secure and transmit the same unimpared to 
succeeding generations — in order to form a more perfect govern- 
ment, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the 
common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the 
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity ; do ordain and 
establish this constitution for the State of Illinois. 



Constitution 



ARTICLE I. 

Boundaries. 
The boundaries and jurisdiction of the State shall be as fol- 
lows, to-wit : Beginning at the mouth of the Wabash river • 
thence up the same, and with the line of Indiana, to the northwest 
corner of said State; thence east, with the line of the same State 
to the middle of Lake Michigan ; thence north, along the middle 
of said lake, to north latitude 42 degrees and 30 minutes ; thence 
west to the middle of the Mississippi river, and thence down along 
the middle of that river to its confluence with the Ohio river, and 
thence up the latter river, along its northwestern shore, to the 
place of beginning: Provided, that this State shall exercise such 
jurisdiction upon the Ohio river as she is now entitled to, or such 
as may hereafter be agreed upon by this State and the State of 
Kentucky. 

ARTICLE II. 
Bill of Rights. 



§ 1 . Inherent and Inalienable Rights. 

| 2. Due Process of Law. 

§ 8. Liberty of Conscience Guaranteed. 

| 4. Freedom of the Press — Libel. 

§ 5. Right of Trial by Jury. 

§ 6. Unreasonable Searches and Seiz- 
ures. 

§ 7. Bail alio wed — Writ of Habeas Cor- 
pus. 

§ 8. Indictment required — Grand Jury 
Abolished. 

§ 9. Rights of Persons Accused of Grime 

£ 10. Self Crimination — Former Trial. 



§11. Penalties proportionate — Corrup- 
tion — Forfeiture . 

§ 12. Imprisonment lor debt. 

§13. Compensation for Property taken. 

§14. Ex post facto laws — Irrevocable 
Grants . 

§ 15. Military Power Subordinate. 

§ 16. Quartering of Soldiers. 

§ 17. Right of Assembly and Petition. 

& 18. Elections to be Free and Equal. 

§ 19. What Laws ought to be. 

§ 20. Fundamental Principles. 



§ 1. All men are by nature free and independent, and have 
certain inherent and inalienable rights — among these are life, lib- 
erty, and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights and the 
protection of property, governments are instituted among men, 
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. 

§ 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property, 
without due process of law. 

§ 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession 
and worship, without discrimination, shall forever be guaranteed ; 
and no person shall be denied any civil or political right, privil- 
ege or capacity, on account of his religious opinions ; but the lib- 



State of Illinois. 



erty of conscience hereby secured shall not be construed to 
dispense with oaths or affirmations, excuse acts of licentiousness, 
or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the 
State. No person shall be required to attend or support any min- 
istry or place of worship against his consent, nor shall any prefer- 
ence be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of 
worship. 

§ 4. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all 
subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty ; and in all 
trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth, when published 
with good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be a sufficient 
defense. 

§ 5. The right of trial by jury as heretofore enjoyed, shall re- 
main inviolate ; but the trial of civil cases before justices of the 
peace by a jury of less than twelve men, may be authorized by 
law. 

§ 6. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, 
houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seiz- 
ures, shall not be violated ; and no warrant shall issue without 
probable cause, supported by affidavit, particularly describing the 
place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. 

§ 7. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except 
for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or the presumption 
great ; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be 
suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public 
safety may require it. 

§ 8. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense, 
unless on indictment of a grand jury, except in cases in which the 
punishment is by fine, or imprisonment otherwise than in the pen- 
itentiary, in cases of impeachment, and in cases arising in the 
army and navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of 
war or public danger : Provided, that the grand jury may be 
abolished by law in all cases. 

§ 9. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have the 
right to appear and defend in person and by counsel ; to demand 
the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have a copy there- 
of; to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have process to com- 
pel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public 



Constitution 



trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the of- 
fense is alleged to have been committed. 

§ 10. No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to 
give evidence against himself, or be twice put in jeopardy for the 
same offense, 

§ 11. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the 
offense; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or for- 
feiture of estate ; nor shall any person be transported out of the 
State for any offense committed within the same. 

§ 12. No person shall be imprisoned for debt, unless upon re- 
fusal to deliver up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in 
such manner as shall be prescribed by law ; or in cases where 
there is strong presumption of fraud. 

§ 13. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for pub- 
lic use without just compensation. Such compensation, when not 
made by the State, shall be ascertained by a jury, as shall be pre- 
scribed by law. The fee of land taken for railroad tracks,without 
consent of the owners thereof, shall remain in such owners, sub- 
ject to the use for which it is taken. 

§ 14. No ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of 
contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special privileges or 
immunities, shall be passed. 

§ 15. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil 
power. 

§ 16. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any 
house without the consent of the owner ; nor in time of war ex- 
cept in the manner prescribed by law. 

§ 17. The people have the right to assemble in a peaceable 
manner to consult for the common good, to make known their opin- 
ions to their representatives, and to apply for redress of grievances. 

§ 18. All elections shall be free and equal. 

§ 19, Every person ought to find a certain remedy in the laws 
for, all injuries and wrongs which he may receive in his person, 
property or reputation ; he ought to obtain, by law, right and jus- 
tice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it, completely 
and without denial, promptly and without delay. 



State of Illinois. 



§ 20. A frequent recurrence to the fundamental principles of 
civil government is absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings 
of liberty. 

AKTICLE III. 

Distribution of Powers. 

The powers of the Government of this State are divided into 
three distinct departments — the Legislative, Executive and Judi- 
cial ; and no person, or collection of persons, being one of these 
departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either 
of the others, except as hereinafter expressly directed or permitted. 

AKTICLE IY. 

Legislative Department. 



§ 1. General Assembly elective. 

§ 2. Time of Election — Vacancies. 

§ 3. Who are Eligible. 

§ 4. Disqualification by Crime/ 

& 6. Oath taken by members. 

is 6. Senatorial Apportionments. 

^ 7. & 8. Minority Representation. 

§ 9. Time of meeting — General Rules. 

§ 10. Secrecy — Adjournment — Journals 
Protests. 

§11. Style of Laws. 

§ 12. Origin and passage of Bills. 

§ 13. Reading — Printing — Title— Amend- 
ments. 

§ 14. Privileges of members. 

S 15. Disabilities of members. 

§ 16. Bills makiDg Appropriations. 

§ 17. Payment of money — Statement of 
Expenses. 



8 



§ 18. Ordinary Expenses — Casual Defi- 
cits — Appropriations limited 

§ 19. Extra Compensation or Allowance. 

§ 20. Public Credit not loaned. 

§ 21. Pay and mileage of members. 

^ 22. Special Legislation prohibited. 

£ 23. Against Release from Liability. 

§ 24. Proceedings on Impeachment. 

§ 25. Fuel, Stationery, and Printing. 

§ 26. State not to be sued. 

§ 27. Lotteries and Gift Enterprises. 

§ 28. Terms of Office not Extended. 

§ 29. Protection of operative miners. 

§ 30. Concerning Roads — public and pri- 
vate. 

§ 31. Draining and Ditching. 

§ 32. Homestead and Exemption Laws. 

§ 33. Completion of the State House. 



§ 1. The legislative power shall be vested in a General Assem- 
bly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Kepresentatives, 
both to be elected by the people. 

election. 

§ 2 An election for members of the general assembly shall 
be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November 
in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, 
and every two years thereafter, in each county, at such places 
therein as may be provided by law. When vacancies occur in 
either house, the governor, or person exercising the powers of 
governor, shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 



Constitution 



ELIGIBILITY AND OATH. 

§ 3. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained the 
age of twenty-five years, or a representative who shall not have at- 
tained the age of twenty-one years. No person shall be a senator or 
a representative who shall not be a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not have been for five years a resident of this State, and 
for two years next preceding his election a resident within the terri- 
tory forming the district from which he is elected. No judge or 
clerk of any court, secretary of state, attorney general, state's 
attorney, recorder, sheriff, or collector of public revenue, member 
of either house of congress, or person holding any lucrative office 
under the United States or this State, or any foreign government, 
shall have a seat in the general assembly : JProvided, that appoint- 
ments in the militia, and the offices of notary public and justice of 
the peace, shall not be considered lucrative. Nor shall any per- 
son, holding any office of honor or profit under any foreign gov- 
ernment, or under the government of the United States, (except 
postmasters whose annual compensation does not exceed the sum 
of $300,) hold any office of honor or profit under the authority of 
this State. 

§ 4. No person who has been, or hereafter shall be, convicted 
of bribery, perjury or other infamous crime, nor any person who 
has been or may be a collector or holder of public moneys, who 
shall not have accounted for and paid over, according to law, all 
such moneys due from him, shall be eligible to the general assem- 
bly, or to any office of profit or trust in this State. 

§ 5. Members of the general assembly, before they enter upon 
their official duties, shall take and subscribe the following oath or 
affirmation : 

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the constitution of the United 
States, and the constitution of the State of Illinois, and will faithfully discharge the du- 
ties of senator (or representative) according to the best of my ability ; and that I have 
not, knowingly or intentionally, paid or contributed anything, or made any promise in 
the nature of a bribe, to directly or indirectly influence any vote at the election at which 
I w.as chosen to fill the said office, and have not accepted, nor will I accept or receive, 
directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing, from any corporation, com- 
pany or person, for any vote or influence I may give or withhold on any bill, resolution 
or appropriation, or for any other official act." 

This oath shall be administered by a judge of the supreme or 



State of Illinois. 9 



circuit court, in the hail of the house to which the member is 
elected, and the secretary of state shall record and tile the oath 
subscribed by each member. Any member who shall refuse to 
take the oath herein prescribed, shall forfeit his office, and every 
member who shall be convicted of having sworn falsely to, or of 
violating, his said oath, shall forfeit his office, and be disqualified 
thereafter from holding any office of profit or trust in this State. 

APPORTIONMENT — SENATORIAL. 

§ 6. The general assembly shall apportion the State every 10 
years, beginning with the year 1871, by dividing the population 
of the State, as ascertained by the federal census, by the number 
51, and the quotient shall be the ratio of representation in the sen- 
ate. The State shall be divided into 51 senatorial districts, each 
of which shall elect one senator, whose term of office shall be four 
years. The senators elected in the year of our Lord 1872, in dis- 
tricts bearing odd numbers, shall vacate their offices at the end of 
two years, and those elected in districts bearing even numbers, at 
the end of four years ; and vacancies occuring by the expiration 
of term, shall be filled by the election of senators for the full 
term. Senatorial districts shall be formed of contiguous and com- 
pact territory, bounded by county lines, and contain as nearly as 
practicable an equal number of inhabitants ; but no district shall 
contain less than four-fifths of the senatorial ratio. Counties con- 
taining not less than the ratio and three-fourths, may be divided 
into separate districts, and shall be entitled to two senators, and to 
one additional senator for each number of inhabitants equal to the 
ratio, contained by such counties in excess of twice the number of 
said ratio. 

Note. — By the adoption of minority representation, §§ 7 and 8, of this article, 
cease to be a part of the constitution. Under § 12 of the schedule, and the vote of 
adoption, the following section relating to minority representation is substituted for 
said sections : 

MINORITY REPRESENTATION. 

§§ 7 and 8. The house of representatives shall consist of three 
times the number of the members of the senate, and the term of 
office shall be two years. Three representatives shall be elected 
in each senatorial district at the general election in the year of our 
Lord 1872, and every two years thereafter. In all elections of 



10 Constitution 



representatives aforesaid, each qualified voter may cast as many 
votes for one candidate as there are representatives to be elected, or 
may distribute the same, or equal parts thereof, among the can- 
didates, as he shall see fit ; and the candidates highest in votes 
shall be declared elected. 

TIME OF MEETING AND GENERAL RULE8. 

§ 9. The sessions of the general assembly shall commence at 
12 o'clock noon, on the Wednesday next after the first Monday in 
January, in the year next ensuing the election of members thereof, 
and at no other time, unless as provided by this constitution. A 
majority of the members elected to each house shall constitute a 
quorum. Each house shall determine the rules of its proceedings, 
and be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its 
members ; shall choose its own officers ; and the senate shall choose 
a temporary president to preside when the lieutenant governor 
shall not attend as president or shall act as governor. The secre- 
tary of state shall call the house of representatives to order at 
the opening of each new assembly, and preside over it until a 
temporary presiding officer thereof shall have been chosen and 
shall have taken his seat. No member shall be expelled by either 
house, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected 
to that house, and no member shall be twice expelled for the same 
offense. Each house may punish by imprisonment any person, 
not a member, who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by 
disorderly or contemptuous behavior in its presence. But no such 
imprisonment shall extend beyond 2 hours at one time, unless 
the person shall persist in such disorderly or contemptuous be- 
havior. 

§ 10. The doors of each house and of committees of the 
whole, shall be kept open, except in such cases as, in the opinion 
of the house, require secrecy. Neither house shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for more than two days, or to any 
other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 
Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, which shall be 
published. In the senate at the request of two members, and in 
the house at the request of five members, the yeas and nays shall 
be taken on any question, and entered upon the journal. Any 



State of Illinois. 11 



two members of either house shall have liberty to dissent from 
and protest, in respectful language, against any act or resolution 
which they think injurious to the public or to any individual, and 
have the reasons of their dissent entered upon the journals. 

STYLE OF LAWS AND PASSAGE OF BILLS. 

§ 11. The style of the laws of this State shall be: Be it 
enacted by the People of the /State of Illinois, represented in the 
General Assembly. 

§ 12. Bills may originate in either house, but may be altered, 
amended or rejected by the other; and on the final passage of all 
bills, the vote shall be by yeas and nays, upon each bill separately, 
and shall be entered upon the journal; and no bill shall become a 
law without the concurrence of a majority of the members elected 
to each house. 

§ 13. Every bill shall be read at large on three different days, 
in each house ; and the bill and all amendments thereto shall b e 
printed before the vote is taken on its final passage ; and every 
bill, having passed both houses, shall be signed by the speakers 
thereof. No act hereafter passed shall embrace more than one 
subject, and that shall be expressed in the title. But if any sub- 
ject shall be embraced in an act which shall not be expressed in 
the title, such act ehall be void only as to so much thereof as shall 
not be so expressed ; and no law shall be revived or amended by 
reference to its title only, but the law revived, or the section amend- 
ed, shall be inserted at length in the new act. And no act of the 
general assembly shall take effect until the first day of July next 
after its passage, unless, in case of emergency, (which emergency 
shall be expressed in the preamble or body of the act), the general 
assembly shall, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected 
to each house, otherwise direct. 

PRIVILEGES AND DISABILITIES. 

§ 1-L Senators and representatives shall, in all cases, except 
treason, felony or breach 'of the peace, be privileged from arrest 
during the session of the general assembly, and in going to and 
returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either 
house, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

§ 15. No person elected to the general assembly shall receive 
any civil appointment within this State from the governor, the gov- 
ernor and senate, or from the general assembly, during the term 



1 2 Constitution 



for which he shall have been elected ; and all such appointments, 
and all votes given for any such members for any such office or 
appointment, shall be void ; nor shall any member of the general 
assembly be interested, either directly or indirectly, in any con- 
tract with the state, or any county thereof, authorized by any law 
passed during the term for which he shall have been elected, or 
within one year after the expiration thereof. 

PUBLIC MONEYS AND APPROPRIATIONS. 

§ 16. The general assembly shall make no appropriation of 
money out of the treasury in any private law. Bills making 
appropriations for the pay of members and officers of the general 
assembly, and for the salaries of the officers of the government, 
shall contain no provisions on any other subject. 

§ 17. No money shall be drawn from the treasury except in 
pursuance of an appropriation made by law, and on the presenta- 
tion of a warrant issued by the auditor thereon ; and no money 
shall be diverted from any appropriation made for any purpose, or 
taken from any fund whatever, either by joint or separate resolu- 
tion. The auditor shall, within 60 days after the adjournment of 
each session of the general assembly, prepare and publish a full 
statement of all money expended at such session, specifying the 
amount of each item, and to whom and for what paid. 

§ 18. Each general assembly shall provide for all the appro- 
priations necessary for the ordinary and contingent expenses of 
the government until the expiration of the first fiscal quarter after 
the adjournment of the next regular session, the aggregate amount 
of which shall not be increased without a vote of two-thirds of 
the members elected to each house, nor exceed the amount of 
revenue authorized by law to be raised in such time; and all 
appropriations, general or special, requiring money to be paid out 
of the State Treasury, from funds belonging to the State, shall end 
with such fiscal quarter : Provided, the S.tate may, to meet casual 
deficits or failures in revenues, contract debts, never to exceed in 
the aggregate $250,000 ; and moneys thus borrowed shall be 
applied to the purpose for which they were obtained, or to pay the 
debt thus created, and to no ether purpose; and no other debt 5 
except for the purpose of repelling invasion, suppressing insurrec- 
tion, or defending the State in war, (for payment of which the 



State of Illinois. 13 



faith of the State shall be pledged), shall be contracted, unless the 
law authorizing the same shall, at a general election, have been 
submitted to the people, and have received a majority of the votes 
cast for members of the general assembly at such election. The 
general assembly shall provide for the publication of said law for 
three months, at least, before the vote of the people shall be taken 
upon the same ; and provision shall be made, at the time, for the 
payment of the interest annually, as it shall accrue, by a tax levied 
fop the purpose, or from other sources of revenue ; which law, 
providing for the payment of such interest by such tax, shall be 
irrepealable until such debt be paid : And provided, further, that 
the law levying the tax shall be submitted to the people with the 
law authorizing the debt to be contracted. 

§ 19. The general assembly shall never grant or authorize 
extra compensation, fee or allowance to any public officer, agent, 
servant or contractor, after service has been rendered or a contract 
made, nor authorize the payment of any claim, or part thereof, 
hereafter created against the State under any agreement or con- 
tract made without express authority of law ; and all such unau- 
thorized agreements or contracts shall be null and void : Provided, 
the general assembly may make appropriations for expenditures 
incurred in suppressing insurrection or repelling invasion. 

§ 20. The State shall never pay, assume or become responsible 
for the debts or liabilities of, or in any manner give, loan or extend 
its credit to, or in aid of any public or other corporation, associa- 
tion or individual. 

PAY OF MEMBERS. 

§ 21. The members of the general assembly shall receive for 
their services the sum of $5 per day, during the first session 
held under this constitution, and 10 cents for each mile necessarily 
traveled in going to and returning from the seat of government, 
to be computed by the auditor of public accounts; and thereafter 
such compensation as shall be prescribed by law, and no other 
allowance or emolument, directly or indirectly, for any purpose 
whatever ; except the sum of $50 per session to each member, 
which shall be in full for postage, stationery, newspapers, and all 
other incidental expenses and perquisites ; but no change shall 
be made in the compensation of members of the general assembly 

— o 



14 Constitution 



during the term for which they may have been elected. The pay 
and mileage allowed to each member of the general assembly 
shall be certified by the speaker of their respective houses, and 
entered on the journals and published at the close of each ses- 
sion. 

SPECIAL LEGISLATION PROHIBITED. 

§ 22. The general assembly shall not pass local or special laws 
in any of the following enumerated cases, that is to say : for — 

Granting divorces ; 

Changing the names of persons or places ; 

Laying out, opening, altering, and working roads or high- 
ways ; 

Yacating roads, town plats, streets, alleys and public grounds ; 

Locating or changing county seats ; 

Regulating county and township affairs ; 

Regulating the practice in courts of justice; 

Eegulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, 
police magistrates, and constables ; 

Providing for changes of venue in civil and criminal cases ; 

Incorporating cities, towns, or villages, or changing or amend- 
ing the charter of any town, city or village; 

Providing for the election of members of the board of super- 
visors in townships, incorporated towns or cities ; 

Summoning and impaneling grand or petit juries ; 

Providing for the management of common schools ; 

Regulating the rate of interest on money ; 

The opening and conducting of any election, or designating the 
place of voting ; 

The sale or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors or 
others under disability ; 

The protection of game or fish ; 

Chartering or licensing ferries or toll bridges; 

Remitting fines, penalties or forfeitures ; 

Creating, increasing, or decreasing fees, percentage or allow- 
ances of public officers, during the term for which said officers 
are elected or appointed ; 

Changing the law of descent ; 



State oe Illinois. 15 



Granting to any corporation, association or individual the right 
to lay down railroad tracks, or amending existing charters for such 
purpose ; 

Granting to any corporation, association or individual any 
special or exclusive privilege, immunity or franchise whatever. 

In all other cases where a general law can be made applicable, 
no special law shall be enacted. 

§ 23. The general assembly shall have no power to release or 
extinguish, in whole or in part, the indebtedness, liability, or ob- 
ligation of any corporation or individual to this State or to any 
municipal corporation therein. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

§ 2±. The house of representatives shall have the sole power 
of impeachment ; but a majority of all the members elected must 
concur therein. All impeachments shall be tried by the senate ; 
and when sitting for that purpose, the senators shall be upon 
oath, or affirmation, to do justice according to law and evidence. 
When the governor of the State is tried, the chief justice shall 
preside . No person shall be convicted without the concurrence 
of two-thirds of the senators elected. But judgment, in such cases, 
shall not extend further than removal from office, and disqualifi- 
cation to hold any office of honor, profit or trust under the gov- 
ernment of this State. The party, whether convicted or acquit- 
ted, shall, nevertheless, be liable to prosecution, trial, judgment 
and punishment according to law. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

§ 25. The general assembly shall provide, by law, that the 
fuel, stationery, and printing paper furnished for the use of the 
State ; the copying, printing, binding and distributing the laws 
and journals, and all other printing ordered by the general assem- 
bly, shall be let by contract to the lowest responsible bidder ; but 
the general assembly shall fix a maximum price ; and no mem- 
ber thereof, or other officer of the State, shall be interested, di- 
rectly or indirectly, in such contract. But all such contracts shall 
be subject to the approval of the governor, and if he disapproves 
the same there shall be a re-letting of the contract, in such man- 
ner as shall be prescribed by law. 



16 Constitution 



§ 26. The State of Illinois shall never be made defendant in 
any court of law or equity. 

§27. The general assembly shall have no power to authorize 
lotteries or gift enterprises, for any purpose, and shall pass laws 
to prohibit the sale of lottery or gift enterprise tickets in this 
State. 

§ 28. No law shall be passed which shall operate to extend 
the term of any public officer after his election or appointment. 

§ 29. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass such 
laws as may be necessary for the protection of operative miners, 
by providing for ventilation, when the same may be required, 
and the construction of escapement-shafts, or such other appliances 
as may secure safety in all coal mines, and to provide for the en- 
forcement of said laws by such penalties and punishments as may 
be deemed proper. 

§ 30. The general assembly may provide for establishing and 
opening roads and cartways, connected with a public road, for 
private and public use. 

§ 31. The general assembly may pass laws permitting the 
owners or occupants of lands to construct drains and ditches, for 
agricultural and sanitary purposes, across the lands of others. 

§ 32. The general assembly shall pass liberal homestead and 
exemption laws. 

§ 33. The general assembly shall not appropriate out of the 
State treasury, or expend on account of the new capitol grounds, 
and construction, completion, and furnishing of the State house, 
a sum exceeding, in the aggregate, $3,500,000, inclusive of all 
appropriations heretofore made, without first submitting the prop- 
osition for an additional expenditure to the legal voters of the 
State, at a general election ; nor unless a majority of all the votes 
cast at such election shall be for the proposed additional expendi- 
ture. 



State of Illinois. 



17 



AETICLE V. 

Executive Department. 



8 1. Officers of this Department. 

§ 2. Of the State Treasurer. 

§ 3. Time of Electing State Officers. 

§ 4. Returns — Tie — Contested Elec- 
tion. 

§ 5. Eligibility for Office. 

§ 6. Governor — Power and Dutv. 

§ 7. HisMessage and Statement. 

is! 8. Convening the General Assembly. 

§ 9. Proroguing the General Assembly. 

>£ 10. Nominations by the Governor. 

^ 11. Vacancies may be Filled. • 

£ 12. Removals by the Governor. 

£ 13. Reprieves — Commutations — 
Pardons. 



8, 14. Governor as Commander-in-Chief. 

^15. Impeachment for Misdemeanor. 

§ 16. Veto of the Governor, i 

§ 17. Lieutenant Governor as Governor. 

| 18. As President of the Senate. 

§ 19. Vacancy in Governor's Office. 

£ 20. Vacancy in other State Offices. 

| 21. Reports of State Officers. 

§ 22. Great Seal of State. 

8 23. Fees and Salaries. 

^ 24. Definition of "Office." 

8 25. Oath of Civil Officers. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

§ 1. The executive department shall consist of a Governor, 
Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Ac- 
counts, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and At- 
torney General, who shall, each, with the exception of the Trea- 
surer, hold his office for the term of four years from the second 
Monday of January next after his election, and until his successor 
is elected and qualified. They shall, except the Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor, reside at the seat of government during their term of office, 
and keep the public records, books and papers there, and shall 
perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. 

§ 2. The Treasurer shall hold his office for the term of two 
years, and until his successor is elected and qualified ; and shall 
be ineligible to said office for two years next after the end of the 
term for which he was elected. He may be required by the Gov- 
ernor to give reasonable additional security, and in default of so 
doing his office shall be deemed vacant. 

ELECTION. 

§ 3. An election for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secre- 
tary of State, Auditor of Public Accounts, and Attorney General, 
shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of No- 
vember, in the year of our Lord 1872, and every four years there- 
after ; for Superintendent of Public instruction, on the Tuesday 
next after the first Monday of November, in the year 1870, and 



18 Constitution 

every four years thereafter ; and for Treasurer on the day last 
above mentioned, and every two years thereafter, at such places 
and in such manner as may be prescribed by law. 

§ 4. The returns of every election for the above named offi- 
cers shall be be sealed up and transmitted, by the returning offi- 
cers, to the secretary of State, directed to " The Speaker of the 
House of Kepresentatives," who shall, immediately after the 
organization of the house, and before proceeding to other busi- 
ness, open and publish the same in the presence of a majority of 
each house of the general assembly, who shall, for that purpose, 
assemble in the hall of the house of representatives. The per- 
son having the highest number of votes for either of said offices 
shall be declared duly elected ; but if two or more have an equal 
and the highest number of votes, the general assembly shall, by 
joint ballot, choose one of such persons for said office. Contested 
elections for all of said offices shall be determined by both houses 
of the general assembly, by joint ballot, in such manner as may 
be prescribed by law. 

ELIGIBILITY. 

§ 5. ISTo person shall be eligible to the office of governor, or 
lieutenant governor, who shall not have attained the age of 30 
years, and been, for five years next preceding his election, a citi_ 
zen of the United States and of this State. Neither the governor, 
lieutenant governor, auditor of public accounts, secretary of 
State, superintendent of public instruction nor attorney general 
shall be eligible to any other office during the period for which 
he shall have been elected. 

GOVERNOR. 

§ 6. The supreme executive power shall be vested in the gov- 
ernor, who shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. 

§ 7. The governor shall, at the commencement of each ses- 
sion, and at the close of his term of office, give to the general 
assembly information, by message, of the condition of the State, 
and shall recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient. 
He shall account to the general assembly, and accompany his 
message with a statement of all moneys received and paid out by 
him from any funds subject to his order, with vouchers, and, at 



State of Illinois. 19 



the commencement of each regular session, present estimates of 
the amount of money required to be raised by taxation for all pur- 
poses. 

§ 8. The governor may, on extraordinary occasions, convene 
the general assembly, by proclamation, stating therein the purpose 
for which they are convened ; and the general assembly shall 
enter upon no business except that for which they were called 
together. 

§ 9. In case of a disagreement between the two houses with 
respect to the time of adjournment, the governor may, on the same 
being certified to him, by the house first moving the adjourn- 
ment, adjourn the general assembly to such time as he thinks 
proper, not beyond the first day of the next regular session. 

§ 10. The governor shall nominate, and^by and with the advice 
and consent of the senate, (a majority of all the enators selected con- 
curring, -by yeas and nays,) appoint all officers whose offices are 
established by this constitution, or which may be created by law, 
and whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for ; 
and no such officer shall be appointed or elected by the general 
assembly . 

§ 11. In case of a vacancy, during the recess of the senate, in 
any office which is not elective, the governor shall make a tempo- 
rary appointment until the next meeting of the senate, when he 
shall nominate some person to fill such office ; and any person so 
nominated, who is confirmed by the senate (a majority of all the 
senators elected concurring by yeas and nays), shall hold his 
office during the remainder of the term, and until his successor 
shall be appointed and qualified. No person, after being rejected 
by the senate, shall be again nominated for the same office at the 
same session, unless at the request of the senate, or be appointed 
to the same office during the recess of the general assembly. 

§ 12. The governor shall have power to remove any officer 
whom he may appoint, in case of incompetency, neglect of duty, 
or malfeasance in office ; and he may declare his office vacant, and 
fill the same as is herein provided in other cases of vacancy. 

§ 13. The governor shall have power to grant reprieves, com- 
mutations and pardons, after conviction, for all offenses, subject 
to such regulations as may be provided bv laAV relative to the 

_ 



20 Constitution 



§ 14. The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the 
military and naval forces of the State (except when they shall be 
called into the service of the United States) ; and may call out the 
same to execute the laws, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion. 

§ 15. The governor, and all civil officers of this State, shall be 
liable to impeachment for any misdemeanor in office. 

VETO. 

§ 16. Every bill passed by the general assembly shall, before 
it becomes a law, be presented to the governor. If he approve, 
he shall sign it, and thereupon it shall become a law ; but if he do 
not approve, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in 
which it shall have originated, which house shall enter the objec- 
tions at large upon its journal, and proceed to reconsider the bill. 
If, then, two-thirds of the members elected agree to pass the same, 
it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, 
J)y which it shall likewise be reconsidered ; and if approved by 
two-thirds of the members elected to that house, it shall become a 
law, notwithstanding the objections of the governor. But in all 
such cases, the vote of each house shall be determined by yeas and 
nays, to be entered on the journal. Any bill which shall not be 
returned by the governor within ten days (Sundays excepted) after 
it shall have been presented to him, shall become a law in like 
manner as if he bad signed it, unless the general assembly shall, 
by their adjournment, prevent its return ; in which case it shall be 
filed, with his objections, in the office of the secretary of state? 
within ten days after such adjournment, or become a law. 

LIEUTENANT G0VEKNOK. 

§ 17. In case of death, conviction on impeachment, failure to 
qualify, resignation, absence from the State, or other disability of 
the governor, the powers, duties and emoluments of the office for the 
residue of the term, or until the disability shall be removed, shall 
devolve upon the lieutenant governor. 

§ 18. The lieutenant governor shall be president of the senate, 
and shall vote only when the senate is equally divided. The sen- 
ate shall choose a president, pro tempore, to preside in case of the 
absence or impeachment of the lieutenant governor, or when he 
shall hold the office of governor. 



State of Illinois. 21 



§ 19. If there be no lieutenant governor, or if the lieutenant 
governor shall, for any of the causes specified in § 17 of this article, 
become incapable of performing the duties of the office, the presi- 
dent of the senate shall act as governor until the vacancy is filled 
or the disability removed ; and if the president of the senate, for 
any of the above named causes, shall become incapable of perform- 
ing the duties of governor, the same shall devolve upon the speak- 
er of the house of representatives. 

OTHER STATE OFFICERS. 

§ 20. If the office of auditor of public accounts, treasurer, sec- 
retary of State, attorney general, or superintendent of public* in- 
struction shall be vacated by death, resignation or otherwise, it 
shall be the duty of the governor to fill the same by appointment, 
and the appointee shall hold his office until his successor shall be 
elected and qualified in such manner as may be provided by law. 
An account shall be kept by the officers of the executive depart- 
ment, and of all the public institutions of the State, of all mon- 
eys received or disbursed by them, severally, from all sources, and 
for every service performed, and a semi-annual report thereof be 
made to the governor, under oath ; and any officer who makes a 
false report shall be guilty of perjury, and punished accordingly. 

§ 21. The officers of the executive department, and of all the 
public institutions of the State, shall, at least 10 days preceeding 
each regular session of the general assembly, severally report to 
the governor, who shall transmit such reports to the general assem- 
bly, together with the reports of the judges of the supreme court 
of the defects in the constitution and laws ; and the governor may 
at any time require information, in writing, under oath, from the 
officers of the executive department, and all officers and managers 
of state institutions, upon any subject relating to the condition, 
management and expenses of their respective offices. 

THE SEAL OF STATE. 

§ 22. There shall be a seal of the State, which shall be called 
the "Great seal of the State of Illinois," which shall be kept by 
the secretary of State, and used by him, officially, as directed by 
law. 

—4 



22 Constitution 



FEES AND SALARIES. 

§ 23. The officers named in this article shall receive for their 
services a salary, to be established by law, which shall not be in- 
creased or diminished during their official terms, and they shall 
not, after the expiration of the terms of those in office at the adop- 
tion of this constitution, receive to their own use any fees, costs, 
perquisites of office, or other compensation. And all fees 
that may hereafter be payable by law for any service performed 
by any officer provided for in this article of the constitution, shall 
be paid in advance into the State treasury. 

DEFINITION AND OATH OF OFFICE. 

§ 24. An office is a public position created by the constitution 
or law, continuing during the pleasure of the appointing power, 
or for a fixed time, with a sucessor elected or appointed. An em- 
ployment is an agency, for a temporary purpose, which ceases 
when that purpose is accomplished. 

§ 25. All civil officers, except members of the general assem- 
bly and such inferior officers as may be by law exempted, shall, 
before they enter on the duties of their respective offices, take and 
subsribe the following oath or affirmation : 

I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will support the con- 
stitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of Illinois, and that 1 

will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of according to the best of my 

ability. 

And no other oath, declaration or test shall be required as a 
qualification. 



State of Illinois. 



ARTICLE VI. 



Judicial Department. 



§ l. 

§ 2. 



§ 6. 



8 »- 

g 10. 

§ U. 

| 12. 

§ 13. 

| H. 

| 15. 

g 16. 

8 I?. 



Judicial Powers of Courts. 

Seven Supreme Judges — Four De- 
cide. 

Qualifications of a Supreme Judge. 

Terms of the Supreme Court. 

Throe Grand Divisions — Seven 
Districts. 

Election of Supreme Judges. 

Salaries of the Supreme Judges. 

Appeals and Writs of Error. 

Appointment of Reporter. 

Clerks of the Supreme Court. 

Appellate Courts Authorized. 

Jurisdiction of Circuit Courts. 

Formation of Judicial Circuits. 

Time of holding Circuit Courts. 

Circuits containing Four Judges. 

Salaries of the Circuit Judges. 

Qualification of Judges or Com- 
missioners. 



§18. County Judges — County Clerks. 

§19. Appeals from County Courts. 

£ 20. Probate Courts Authorized. 

§ 21. Justices of the Peace and Consta- 
bles. 

§ 22. State's Attorney in each County. 

8 33, Cook County Courts of Record. 

| 24. Chief Justice — Power of Judges. 

§ 25. Salaries of the Judges. 

§ 26. Criminal Court of Cook County. 

| 27. Clerks of Cook County Court. 

| 28. Justices in Chicago. 

£ 29. Uniformity in the Courts. 

§ 30. Removal of any Judge . 

$< 31. Judges to make Written Reports. 

§ 32. Terms of Office— Filling Vacan- 
cies. 

§ 33. Process — Prosecutions — Popula- 
tion. 



§ 1. The judicial powers, except as in this article is otherwise 
provided, shall be vested in one supreme court, circuit courts, 
county courts, justices of the peace, police magistrates, and in such 
courts as may be created by law in and for cities and incorporated 
towns. 

SUPREME COURT. 

§ 2. The supreme court shall consist of seven judges, and shall 
have original jurisdiction in cases relating to the revenue, in man- 
damus, and habeas corpics, and appellate jurisdiction in all other cases. 
One of 6aid judges shall be chief justice ; four shall constitute a 
quorum, and the concurrence of four shall be necessary to every 
decision. 

§ 3. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the 
supreme court unless lie shall be at least 30 years of age, and a 
citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall have resided in 
this State live years next preceding his election, and be a resident 
of the district in which he shall be elected. 

§ 4. Terms of the supreme court shall continue to be held in 
the present grand divisions at the several places now provided for 
and until otherwise provided by law, one or 



holding the same 



24: Constitution 



more terms of said court shall be held, for the northern division, in 
the city of Chicago, each year, at such times as said court may ap- 
point, whenever said city or the county of Cook shall provide appro- 
priate rooms therefor, and the use of a suitable library, without ex- 
pense to the State. The judicial divisions may be altered, increas. 
ed or diminished in number, and the times and places of holding 
said court may be changed by law. 

§ 5. The present grand, divisions shall be preserved, and be 
denominated Southern, Central and Northern, until otherwise pro- 
vided by law. The State shall be divided into seven districts^for 
the election of judges, and until otherwise provided by law, they 
shall be as follows: 

First District, — The counties of St. Clair, Clinton, Washington, 
Jefferson, Wayne, Edwards, Wabash, White, Hamilton, Franklin, 
Perry, Eandolph, Monroe, Jackson, Williamson, Saline, Gallatin, 
Hardin, ; Pope, Union, Johnson, Alexander, Pulaski and Massac. 

Second District. — The counties of Madison, Bond, Marion, Clay, 
Eichland, Lawrence, Crawford, Jasper, Effingham, Fayette, Mont- 
gomery, Macoupin, Shelby, Cumberland, Clark, Greene, Jersey, 
Calhoun and Christian. 

Third District. — The counties of Sangamon, Macon, Logan, 
De Witt, Piatt, Douglas, Champaign, Vermilion, McLean, Liv- 
ingston, Ford, Iroquois, Coles, Edgar, Moultrie and Tazewell. 

fourth District. — The counties of Fulton, McDonough, Han- 
cock, Schuyler, Brown, Adams, Pike, Mason, Menard, Morgan, 
Cass and Scott. 

Fifth District. — The counties of Knox Warren, Henderson, 
Mercer, Henry, Stark, Peoria, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, La- 
salle, Grundy and Woodford. 

/Sixth District. — The counties of Whiteside, Carroll, Jo Daviess 
Stephenson, Winnebago, Boone, McHenry, Kane, Kendall, De. 
Kalb, Lee, Ogle and Eock Island. 

Seventh District. — The counties of Lake, Cook, Will, Kankakee 
and Du Page. 

The boundaries of the districts may be changed at the session 
of the general assembly next preceding the election for judges 
herein, and at no other time ; but whenever such alterations shah 



State of Illinois. 25 



be made, the same shall be upon the rule of equality of popula- 
tion, as nearly as county boundaries will allow, and the districts 
shall be composed of contiguous counties, in as nearly compact 
form as circumstances will permit. The alteration of the districts 
shall not affect the tenure of office of any judge. 

§ 6. At the time of voting on the adoption of this constitution, 
one judge of the supreme court shall be elected by the electors 
thereof, in each of said districts numbered two, three, six, and 
seven, who shall hold his office for the term of nine years from the 
first Monday of June, in the year of our Lord 1870. The term of 
office of judges of the supreme court, elected after the adoption of 
this constitution, shall be nine years; and on the first Monday of 
June of the year in which the term of any of the judges in office 
at the adoption of this constitution, or of the judges then elected, 
shall expire, and every nine years thereafter, there [shall be an 
election for the successor or successors of such judges, in the re- 
spective districts wherein the term of such judges shall expire. 
The chief justice shall continue to act as such until the expiration 
of the term for which he was elected, after which the judges 6hall 
choose one of their number chief justice. 

§ 7. From and after the adoption of this constitution, the 
judges of the supreme court shall each receive a salary ol $4,000 
per annum, payable quarterly, until otherwise provided by law. 
And after said salaries shall be fixed by law, the salaries of the 
judges in office shall not be increased or diminished during the 
terms for which said judges have been elected. 

§ 8. Appeals and writs of error may be taken to the supreme 
court, held in the grand division in which the case is decided, or, 
by consent of the parties, to any other grand division. 

§ 9. The supreme court shall appoint one reportsr of its 
decisions, who shall hold his office for six years, subject to removal 
by the court. 

§ 10. At the time of the election for representatives in the 
general assemby, happening next preceding the expiration of the 
terms of nffice of the present clerks of said court, one clerk of 
said court for each division shall be elected, whose term of office 
shall be six years from said election, but who shall not enter upon 
the duties of his office until the expiration of the term of his pro- 



26 Constitution 



decessor, and every six years thereafter, one clerk of said court 
for each division shall be elected. 

APPELLATE COURTS. 

§ 11. After the year of our Lord 1874, inferior appellate 
courts, of uniform organization and jurisdiction, may be created 
in districts formed for that purpose, to which such appeals and 
writs of error as the general assembly may provide, may be pros- 
ecuted from circuit and other courts, and from which appeals and 
writs of error shall lie to the supreme court, in all criminal cases, 
and cases in which a franchise, or freehold, or the validity of a 
statute is involved, and in such other cases as may be provided by 
law. Such appellate courts shall be held by such number of 
judges of the circuit courts, and at such times and places, and in 
such manner, as may be provided by law ; but no judge shall sit in 
review upon cases decided by him ; nor shall said judges receive 
any additional compensation for such services. 

CIRCUIT COURTS 

§ 12 The circuit courts shall have original jurisdiction of all 
causes in law and equity, and such appellate jurisdiction as is or 
may be provided by law, and shall hold two or more terms each 
year in every county. The terms of office of judges of circuit 
courts shall be six years. 

§ 13. The State, exclusive of the county of Cook and other 
counties having a population of 100,000, shall be divided into 
judicial circuits, prior to the expiration of the terms of office of 
the present judges of the circuit courts. Such circuits shall be 
formed of continguous counties, in as nearly compact form and as 
nearly equal as circumstances will permit, having due regard to 
business, territory and population, and shall not exceed in number 
one circuit for every 100,000 of population in the State. One 
judge shall be elected for each of said circuits by the electors 
thereof. New circuits may be formed and the boundaries of cir- 
cuits changed by the general assembly, at its session next preced. 
ing the election for circuit judges, but at no other time : Provided, 
that the circuits may be equalized or changed at the first session 
of the general assembly, after the adoption of this constitution. 
The creation, alteration or change of any circuirt shall not affect 



State of Illinois. 27 



the tenure of office of any judge. Whenever the business of the 
circuit court of any one, or of two or more contiguous counties, 
containing a population exceeding 50,000, shall occupy nine 
months of the year, the general assembly may make of such 
county, or counties, a separate circuit. Whenever additional cir- 
cuits are created, the forgoing limitations shall^be observed. 

§ 14. The general assembly shall provide for the times of 
holding court in each county ; which shall not be changed, except 
by the general assembly next preceding the general election for 
judges of said courts; but additional terms may be provided for in 
any county. The election for judges of the circuit courts shall be 
held on the first Monday in June, in the year of our Lord 1873, 
and every 6ix years thereafter. 

^ 15. The general assembly may divide the State into judicial 
circuits of greater population and teritory, in lieu of the circuits 
provided for in section 13 of this article, and provide for the elec- 
tion therein, severally, by the electors thereof, by general ticket, 
of not exceeding four judges, who shall hold the circuit courts in 
the circuit for which they shall be elected, in such manner as may 
be provided by law. 

§ 16. From and after the adoption of this constitution, judges of 
the circuit courts shall receive a salary of $3,000 per annum, pay- 
able quarterly, until otherwise provided by law. And after their 
salaries shall be fixed by law, they shall not be increased or dimin- 
ished during the terms for which said judges shall be, respective- 
ly, elected ; and from and after the adoption of this constitution 
no judge of the supreme or circuit court shall receive any other 
compensation, perquisite or benefit, in any form whatsoever, nor 
perform any other than judicial duties to which may belong any 
emoluments. 

§ 17. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the 
circuit or any inferior court, or to membership in t the "board of 
county commissioners/' unless he shall be at least 25 years of age, 
and a citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall have resided 
in this State five years next preceding his election, and be a resi- 
dent of the circuit, county, city, cities, or incorporated town in 
which he shall be elected. 



28 Constitution 



COUNTY COURTS. 

§ 18. There shall be elected in and for each county, one 
county judge and one clerk of the county court, whose terms of 
office shall be four years. But the general assembly may create 
districts of two or more contiguous counties, in each of 
which shall be elected one judge, who shall take the place of, 
and exercise the powers and jurisdiction of county judges in such 
districts. County courts shall be courts of record, and shall have 
original jurisdiction in all matters of probate ; settlement of estates 
of deceased persons ; appointment of guardians and conservators, 
and settlements of their accounts ; in all matters relating to appren- 
tices ; and in proceedings for the collection of taxes and assess- 
ments, and such other jurisdiction as may be provided for by gen- 
eral law. 

§ 19. Appeals and writs of error shall be allowed from final 
determinations of county courts, as may be provided by law. 

PEOEATE COUETS. 

§ 20. The general assembly may provide for the establish- 
ment of a probate court in each county having a population of 
over 50,000, and for the election of a judge thereof, whose term 
of office shall be [the same as that of the county judge, and who 
shall be elected at the same time and in the same manner. Said 
courts, when established, shall have original jurisdiction of all pro- 
bate matters,' the settlement of estates of deceased persons, the 
appointment of guardians and conservators, and settlement of 
their accounts; in all matters relating to apprentices, and in cases 
of the sales of real estate of deceased persons for the payment of 
debts. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND CONSTABLES. 

§ 21. Justices of the peace, police magistrates, and constables 
s hall be elected ^in and for such districts as are, or may be, pro- 
vided by law, and the jurisdiction of such justices of the peace and 
police magistrates shall be uniform. 

state's attoeneys. 
§ 22. At the election for members of the general assembly in 
the year of our Lord 1872, and every four years thereafter, there 



State of Illinois. 29 



shall be elected a State's attorney in and for each county, in lieu 
of the State's attorneys now provided by law, whose terin of office 
, shall be four years. 

COURTS OF COOK COUNTY. 

§ 23. The county of Cook shall be one judicial circuit. The 
circuit court of Cook county shall consist of five judges, until their 
number shall be increased, as herein provided. The present judge 
of the recorder's court of the city of Chicago, and the present 
judge of the circuit court of Cook county, shall be two of said 
judges, and shall remain in office for the terms for which they 
were respectively elected, and until their successors shall be elec- 
ted and qualified. The superior court of Chicago shall be contin. 
ued, and called the superior court of Cook county. The general 
assembly may increase the number of said judges, by adding one 
to either of said courts for every aditional 50,000 inhabitants in said 
county, over and above a population of 400,000. The terms of of- 
fice of the judges of said courts hereafter elected, shall be six years. 

§ 24. The judge having the shortest unexpired term shall be 
chief justice of the court of which he is judge. In case there are 
two or more whose terms expire at the same time, it may be de- 
termined by lot which shall be chief justice. Any judge of either 
of said courts shall have all the powers of a circuit judge, and may 
hold the court of which he is a member. Each of them may hold 
a different branch thereof at the same time. 

§ 25. The judges of the superior and circuit courts, and the 
State's attorney, in said county, shall receive the same salaries 
payable out of the State treasury, as is or may be paid from 
said treasury to the circuit judges and State's attorneys of the State, 
and such further compensation, to be paid by the county of Cook, 
as is or may be provided by law; such compensation shall not be 
changed during their continuance in office. 

§ 26. The recorder's court of the city of Chicago shall be con- 
tinued, and shall be called the "criminal court of Cook county." 
It shall have the jurisdiction of a circuit court, in all cases of crim- 
inal and quasi criminal nature, arising in the county of Cook, or 
that may be brought before said court pursuant to law ; and al\ 
recognizances and appeals taken in said county, in criminal and 
quasi criminal cases shall be returnable and taken to said court. JLt 
—5 



30 Constitution 



shall have no jurisdiction in civil cases, except in those on behalf 
of the people, and incident to such criminal or quasi criminal mat- 
ters, and to dispose of unfinished business. The terms of said 
criminal court of Cook county shall beheld by one or more of the 
judges of the circuit or superior court of Cook county, as nearly as 
may be in alternation, as may be determined by said judges, or 
provided by law. Said judges shall be ex-qficio judges of said 
court. 

§ 27. The present clerk of the recorder's court of the city of 
Chicago, shall be the clerk of the criminal court of Cook county, 
during the term for which he was elected. The present clerks of 
the superior court of Chicago, and the present clerk of the circuit 
court of Cook county, shall continue in office during the terms 
for which they were respectively elected ; and thereafter there 
shall be but one clerk of the superior court, to be elected by the 
qualified electors of said county, who shall hold his office for the 
term of four years, and until his successor is elected and qualified. 

§ 28. All justices of the peace in the city of Chicago shall be 
appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of 
the senate, (but only upon the recommend atiou of a majority of 
the judges of the circuit, superior and county courts,) and for such 
districts as are now or shall hereafter be provided by law. They 
shall hold their offices for four years, and until their successors 
have been commissioned and qualified, but they may be removed 
by summary proceeding in the circuit or superior court, for extor- 
tion or other malfeasance. Existing justices of the peace and 
police magistrates may hold their offices until the expiration of 
their respective terms. 

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 

§ 29. All judicial officers shall be commissioned by the gov- 
ernor. All laws relating to courts shall be general, and of uni- 
form operation ; and the organization, jurisdiction, powers, pro- 
ceedings and practice of all courts, of the same class or grade, so 
far as regulated by law, and the force and effect of the process, 
judgments and decrees of such courts, severally, shall be uniform. 

§ 30. The general assembly may, for cause entered on the 
journals, upon due notice and opportunity of defense, remove 



State of Illinois. 31 



from office any judge, upon concurrence of three-fourths of all 
the members elected, of each house. All other officers in this 
article mentioned, shall be removed from office on prosecution and 
final conviction, for misdemeanor in office. 

§31. All judges of courts of record, inferior to the supreme 
court, shall, on or before the first day of June, of each year, report 
in writing to the judges of the supreme court, such defects and 
omissions in the laws as their experience may suggest ; and the 
judges of the supreme court shall, on or before the first day of 
January of each year, report in writing to the governor such 
defects and omissions in the constitution and laws as they may 
find to exist, together w T ith appropriate forms of bills to core such 
defects and omissions in the laws. And the judges of the several 
circuit courts shall report to the next general assembly the num- 
ber of days they have held court in the several counties composing 
their respective circuits, the preceding two years. 

§ 32. All officers provided for in this article shall hold their 
offices until their successors shall be qualified, and they shall, 
respectively, reside in the division, circuit, county or district for 
which they may be elected or appointed. The terms of office of 
all such officers, where not otherwise prescribed in this article, 
shall be four years. All officers, where not otherwise provided 
for in this article, shall perform such duties and receive such com. 
pensation as is or may be provided by law. Yacancies in such 
elective offices shall be filled by election ; but where the unex- 
pired term does not exceed one year, the vacancy shall be filled 
by appointment, as follows : Of judges, by the governor ; of 
clerks of courts, by the court to which the office appertains, or by 
the judge or judges thereof; and of all such other offices, by the 
board of supervisors or board of county commissioners in the 
county where the vacancy occurs. 

§. 33. All process shall run: In the name of the People of 
the State of Illinois; and all prosecutions shall be carried on : In 
the name and ly the authority of the People of the State of Illi- 
nois; and conclude: Against the peace and dignity of the same. 
" Population," wherever used in this article, shall be determined 
by the next preceding census of this State, or of the United States. 



32 Constitution 



ARTICLE VII. 



SUFFRAGE. 



§ 1. Who are Entitled to Vote. 

§ 2. All Voting to be by Ballot. 

§ 3. Privileges of Electors. 

§ 4. Absence on Public Business. 



§ 5. Soldier not Deemed a Resident. 

§ 6. Qualifications for Office. 

§ *7. Persons Convicted of Crime. 



§ 1. Every person having resided in this State one year, in 
the county 90 days, and in the election district 30 days next pre- 
ceding any election therein, who was an elector in this State on 
the first day of April, in the year of our Lord 1848, or obtained a 
certificate of naturalization before any court of record in this 
State prior to the first day of January, in the year of our Lord 
1870, or who shall be a male citizen of the United States, above 
the age of 21 years, shall be entitled to vote at such election. 

§ 2. All votes shall be by ballot. 

§ 3. Electors shall, in all cases except treason, felony, or 
breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attend, 
ance at elections, and in going to and returning from the same. 
And no elector shall be obliged to do military duty on the days 
of election, except in time of war or public danger. 

§ 4:. No elector shall be deemed to have lost his residence in 
this State by reason of his absence on business of the United 
States, or of this State, or in the military or naval service of the 
United States. 

§ 5. No soldier, seaman or marine in the army or navy of the 
United States shall be deemed a resident of this State in conse- 
quence of being stationed therein. 

§ 6. No person shall be elected or appointed to any office in 
this State, civil or military, who is not a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not have resided in this State one year next 
preceding the election or appointment. 

§ 7. The general assembly shall pass laws exqluding from the 
right of suffrage persons convicted of infamous crimes. 



State of Illinois. 33 



ARTICLE VIII 

EDUCATION. 



§ 1. Free Schools Established. 

§ 2. Gifts or Grants in aid of Schools. 

§ 3. Public Schools not to be Sectarian. 



§ 4. School Officers not Interested. 

§ 5. County Superintendent of Schools. 



§ 1. The general assembly shall provide a thorough and 
efficient system of free schools, whereby all children of this State 
may receive a good common school education. 

§ 2. All lands, moneys, or other property, donated, granted 
or received for school, college, seminary or university purposes, 
and the proceeds thereof, shall be faithfully applied to the objects 
for which such gifts or grants were made. 

§ 3. Neither the general assembly nor any county, city, town, 
township, school district, or other public corporation, shall ever 
make any appropriation or pay from any public fund whatever, 
anything in aid of any church or sectarian purpose, or to help sup- 
port or sustain any school, academy, seminary, college, university, 
or other literary or scientific institution, controlled by any church 
or sectarian denomination whatever ; nor shall any grant or dona- 
tion of land, money, or other personal property ever be made by 
the State or any such pubbc corporation, to any church, or for any 
sectarian purpose. 

§ 4. No teacher, State, county, township, or district school 
officer shall be interested in the sale, proceeds or profits of any 
book, apparatus or furniture, used or to be used, in any school in 
this State, with which such officer or teacher may be connected, 
under such penalties as may be provided by the general assem. 
bly. 

§ 5. There may be a county superintendent of schools in each 
county, whose qualifications, powers, duties, compensation, and 
time and manner of election, and term of office, shall be prescribed 
by law. 



34 Constitution 



AETICLE IX. 

REVENUE. 



§ 1. Principles of Taxation Stated. 

§ 2. Other and further Taxation. 

§ 3. Property Exempt from Taxation. 

§ 4. Sale of Real Property for Taxes. 

§ 5. Right of Redemption therefrom. 

§ 6. Release from Taxation Forbidden . 

§ 7. Taxes paid into State Treasury. 



§ 8. Limitation on County Taxes. 

§ 9. Local Municipal Improvements. 

§ 10. Taxation of Municipal Corpora- 
tions. 

§ 11. Defaulter not to be Eligible. 

§ 12. Limitation on Municipal Indebted- 
ness. 



§ 1. The general assembly shall provide such revenue as may 
be needful by levying a tax, by valuation, so that every person 
and corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to the value of his, 
her or its property — such value to be ascertained by some person 
or persons, to be elected or appointed in such manner as the gen- 
eral assembly shall direct, and not otherwise ; but the general as- 
sembly shall have power to tax pedlers, auctioneers, brokers, hawk- 
ers, merchantSjCommission merchants,showm en, jugglers, inn-keep- 
ers, grocery keepers, liquor dealers, toll bridges, ferries, insurance, 
telegraph and express interests or business, venders of patents, and 
persons or corporations owning or using franchises and privileges, 
in such manner as it shall from time to time direct by general law, 
uniform as to the class upon which it operates. 

§ 2. The specification of the objects and subjects of taxation 
shall not deprive the general assembly of the power to require 
other subjects or objects to be taxed in such manner as may be 
consistent with the principles of taxation fixed in this constitution. 

§ 3. The property of the State, counties, and other municipal 
corporations, both real and personal, and such other property, as 
may be used exclusively for agricultural and horticultural socie- 
ties, for school, religious, cemetery and charitable purposes, may 
be exempted from taxation ; but such exemption shall be only 
by general law. In the assessment of real estate incumbered by 
public easement, any depreciation occasioned by such easement 
may be deducted in the valuation of such property. 

§ 4. The general assembly shall provide, in all cases where 
it may be necessary to sell real estate for the non-payment of 
taxes or special assessments for State, county, municipal or other 
purposes, that a return of such unpaid taxes or assessments shall 



State oe Illinois. 35 



be made to some general officer of the county having authority to 
receive State and county taxes ; and there shall be no sale of said 
property for auy of said taxes or assessments but by said ofricer, 
upon the order or judgment of some court of record. 

§ 5. The right of redemption from all sales of real estate for 
the non-payment of taxes or special assessments of any character 
whatever, shall exist in favor of owners and persons interested in 
such real estate, for a period of not less than two years from such 
sales thereof. And the general assembly shall provide by law 
for reasonable notice to be given to the owners or parties inter- 
ested, by publication or otherwise, of the fact of the sale of the 
property for such taxes or assessments, and when the time of re- 
demption shall expire : Provided, that occupants shall in all cases 
be served with personal notice before the time of redemption ex- 
pires. 

§ 6. The general assembly shall have no power to release or 
discharge any county, city, township, town or district whatever, 
or the inhabitants thereof or the property therein, from their or 
its proportionate share of taxes to be levied for State purposes 
nor shall commutation for such taxes be authorized in any form 
whatsoever. 

§ 1. All taxes levied for State purposes shall be paid into the 
State treasury. 

§ 8. County authorities shall never assess taxes, the aggregate 
of which shall exceed 75 cents per $100 valuation, except for the 
payment of indebtedness existing at the adoption of this consti- 
tution, unless authorized by a vote of the people of the county. 

§ 9. The general assembly may vest the corporate authorities of 
cities, towns and villages, with power to make local improvements 
by special assessment or by special taxation of contiguous proper- 
ty, or otherwise. For all other corporate purposes, all municipal 
corporations may be vested with authority to assess and collect 
taxes; but such taxes shall be uniform in respect to persons and 
property, within the jurisdiction of the body imposing the same. 

§ 10. The general assembly shall not impose taxes upon 
municipal corporations, or the inhabitants or property thereof, for 
corporate purposes, but shall require that all the taxable property 
within the limits of municipal corporations shall be taxed for the 



36 Constitution 



payment of debts contracted under authority of law, such taxes to 
be uniform in respect to persons and property, within the juris- 
diction of the body imposing the same. Private property shall 
not be liable to be taken or sold for the payment of the corporate 
debts of a municipal corporation. 

§ 11. No person who is in default, as collector or custodian of 
money or property belonging to a municipal corporation, shall be 
eligible to any office in or under such corporation. The fees, sale 
ary or compensation of no municipal officer who is elected or 
appointed for a definite term of office, shall be increased or dimin- 
ished during such term 

§ 12. No county, city, township, school district, or other munici- 
pal corporation, shall be allowed to become indebted in any manner 
or for any purpose, to an amount, including existing indebtedness, 
in the aggregate exceeding five per centum on the value of the 
taxable property therein, to be ascertained by the last assessment 
for State and county taxes, previous to the incurring of such in- 
debtedness. Any county, city, school district, or other municipal 
corporation, incurring any indebtedness as aforesaid, shall before, 
or at the time of doing so, provide for the collection of a direct an- 
nual tax sufficient to pay the interest on such debt as it falls due, 
and also to pay and discharge the principal thereof within twenty 
years from the time of contracting the same. This section shall 
not be construed to prevent any county, city, township, school dis- 
trict, or other municipal corporation, from issuing their bonds in 
compliance with any vote of the people which may have been had 
prior to the adoption of this constitution in pursuance of any law 
providing therefor. 



ARTICLE X. 

Counties. 



§ I. Formation of New Connties. 

§ 2. Division of any County. 

§ 3. Territory stricken from a County. 

§ 4. Removal of a County Seat. 

§ 5. Methods of County Government. 

§ 6. Board of County Commissioners. 

§ *7. County affairs in Cook County. 



§ 8. County Officers — Terms of Office. 
§ 9. Salaries and Fees in Cook County. 
§ 10. Salaries fixed by County Board. 
§ 11. Township Officers — Special Laws. 
§12. All Future Fees Uniform. 
§13. Sworn Report of all Fees. 



§ 1. No new county shall be formed or established by the gen- 
eral assembly, which will reduce the county or counties, or either 



State of Illinois. 37 



of them, from which it shall be taken, to less contents than 400 
square miles ; nor shall any county be formed of less contents ; 
nor shall any line thereof pass within less than ten miles of any 
county seat of the county or counties proposed to be divided. 

§ 2. No county shall be divided, or have any part stricken 
therefrom, without submitting the question to a vote of the people 
of the county, nor unless a majority of all the legal voters of the 
county, voting on the question, shall vote for the same. 

§ 3 There shall be no territory stricken from any county, un- 
less a majority of the voters living in such territory shall petition 
for such division ; and no territory shall be added to any county 
without the consent of the majority of the voters of the county to 
which it is proposed to be added. But the portion so stricken oft 
and added to another county, or formed in whole or in part into a 
new county, shall be holden for, and obliged to pay its proportion 
of the indebtedness of the county from which it has been taken. 

COUNTY SEATS. 

§ 4. No county seat shall be removed until the point to which 
it is proposed to be removed shall be fixed in pursuance of law, 
and three-fifths of the voters of the county, to be ascertained in 
such manner as shall be provided by general law, shall have vo- 
ted in favor of its removal to such point ; and no person shall vote 
on such question who has not resided in the county six months, 
and in the election precinct ninety days next preceding such elec- 
tion. The question of the removal of a county seat shall not be 
oftener submitted than once in ten years, to a vote of the people. 
But when an attempt is made to remove a county seat to a point 
nearer to the centre of a county, then a majority vote only shall 
be necessary. 

COUNTY GOVERNMENT. 

§ 5. The general assembly shall provide, by general law, for 
township organization, under which any county may organize 
whenever a majority of the legal voters of such county, voting at 
any general election, shall so determine, and whenever any county 
shall adopt township organization, so much of this constitution as 
provides for the management of the fiscal concerns of the said 
county by the board of county commissioners, may be dispensed 



38 Constitution 



with, and the affairs of said county may be transacted in such man- 
ner as the general assembly may provide. And in any county 
that shall have adopted a township organization, the question of 
continuing the same may be submitted to a vote of the electors of 
such county, at a general election, in the manner that now is or 
may be provided by law ; and if a majority of all the votes cast 
upon that question shall be against township organization, then 
such organization shall cease in said county ; and all laws in force 
in relation to counties not having township organization, shall im- 
mediately take effect and be in force in such county. Ko two 
townships shall have the same name, and the day of holding the 
annual township meeting shall be uniform throughout the State. 

§ 6. At the first election of county judges under this constitu- 
tion, there shall be elected in each of the counties in this State, 
not under township organization, three officers, who shall be 
styled " The board of county commissioners," who shall hold ses- 
sions for the transaction of county business as shall be provided by 
law. One of said commissioners shall hold his office for one year, 
one for two years, and one for three years, to be determined by lot ; 
and every year thereafter one such officer shall be elected in each 
of said counties for the term of three years. 

§ 7. The county affairs of Cook county shall be managed by a 
board of commissioners of fifteen persons, ten of whom shall be 
elected from the city of Chicago, and five from towns outside of 
said city, in such manner as may be provided by law. 

COUNTY OFFICERS AND THEIR COMPENSATION. 

§ 8 In each county there shall be elected the following county 
officers : County judge, sheriff, county clerk, clerk of the circuit 
court, (who may be ex-qfficio recorder of deeds, except in counties 
having 60,000 and more inhabitants, in which counties a recorder 
of deeds shall be elected at the general election in the year of our 
Lord 1872,) treasurer, surveyor and coroner, each of whom shall 
enter upon the duties of his office, respectively, on the first Monday 
of December after their election ; and they shall hold their re- 
spective offices for the term of four years, except the treasurer, 
sheriff and coroner, who shall hold their offices for two years, and 
until their successors shall be elected and qualified. 



State of Illinois. 39 



§ 9 The clerks of all the courts of record, the treasurer, sheriff, 
coroner and recorder of deeds of Cook county, shall receive as 
their only compensation for their servies, salaries to be fixed by 
law, which shall in no case be as much as the lawful compensation 
of a judge of the circuit court of said county, and shall be paid, re- 
spectively, only out of the fees of the office actually collected. All 
fees, perquisites and emoluments (above the amount of said sala- 
ries) shall be paid into the county treasury. The number of the 
deputies and assistants of such officers shall be determined by rule 
of the circuit court, to be entered of record, and their compensa- 
tion 6hall be determined by the county board. 

§ 10. The county board, except as provided in § 9 of this arti- 
cle, shall fix the compensation of all county officers, with the 
amount of their necessary clerk hire, stationery, fuel and other ex- 
penses, and in all cases where fees are provided for, said compen- 
sation shall be paid only out of, and shall in no instance exceed, 
the fees actually collected ;tthey shall not allow either of them 
more per annum than $1,500, in counties not exceeding 20,000 in- 
habitants ; $2,000 in counties containing 20,000 and not exceeding 
30,000 inhabitants ; $2,500 in counties containing 30,000 and not 
exceeding 50,000 inhabitants ; $3,000 in counties containing 
50,000 and not exceeding 70,000 inhabitants ; $3,500 in counties 
containing 70,000 and not exceeding 100,000 inhabitants ; and 
$4,000 in counties containing over 100,000 and not exceeding 
250,000 inhabitants ; and not more than $1,000 additional compen- 
sation for each additional 100,000 inhabitants : Provided, that the 
compensation of no officer shall be increased or diminished during 
his term of office. All fees or allowances by them received, in ex- 
cess of their said compensation, shall be paid into the county 
treasury. 

§ 11. The fees of township officers, and of each class of county 
officers, shall be uniform in the class of counties to which they re- 
spectively belong. The compensation herein provided for shall 
apply only to officers hereafter elected, but all fees established by 
special laws shall cease at the adoption of this constitution, and 
such officers shall receive only such fees as are provided by gen- 
eral law. 



40 



Constitution 



§ 12. All laws fixing the fees of State, county and township 
officers, shall terminate with the terms, respectively, of those who 
may be in office at the meeting of the first general assembly after 
the adoption of this constitution ; and the general assembly shall, 
by general law, uniform in its operation, provide for and regulate 
the fees of said officers and their successors, so as to reduce the 
same to a reasonable compensation for services actually rendered. 
But the general assembly may, by general law, classify the coun- 
ties by population into not more than three classes, and regulate 
the fees according to class. This article shall not be construed as 
depriving the general assembly of the power to reduce the fees of 
existing officers. 

§ 13. Every person who is elected or appointed to any office 
in this State, who shall be paid in whole or in part by fees, shall 
be required by law to make a semi-annual report, under oath, to 
some officer to be designated by law, of all his fees and emolu- 
ments, s 



AETICLE XI. 

Corporations. 



1. Established only by General Laws. 

2. Existing Charters — How Forfeited. 

3. Election of Directors or Managers. 

4. Construction of Street Railroads. 

5- State Bank Forbidden— General Law 
6. Liability of Bank Stockholder. 
1. Suspension of Specie Payment. 

8. Of a General Banking Law. 

9. Railroad Office — Books and Records. 



§ 10. Personal Property of Railroads. 

§11. Consolidations Forbidden. 

§ 12. Railroads deemed Highways — -Rates 
Fixed. 

§13. Stock, Bonds and Dividends. 

§ 14. Power over Existing Companies. 

§15. Freight and Passenger Tariffs regu- 
lated. 



§ 1. No corporation shall be created by special laws, or its 
charter extended, changed, or amended, except those for charita- 
ble, educational, penal or reformatory purposes, which are to be 
and remain under the patronage and control of the State, but the 
general assembly shall provide, by general laws, for the organiza- 
tion of all corporations hereafter to be created. 

§ 2. All existing charters or grants of special or exclusive 
privileges, under which organization shall not have taken place, 
or which shall not have been in operation within ten days from the 
time this constitution takes effect, shall thereafter have no validity 
or effect whatever. 



State of Illinois. 41 



§ 3. The general assembly shall provide, by law, that in all 
elections for directors or managers of incorporated companies, 
every stockholder shall have the right to vote, in person or by 
proxy, for the number of shares of stock owned by him, for as 
many persons as there are directors or managers to be elected, or 
to cumulate said shares, and give one candidate as many votes as 
the number of directors multiplied by the number of his shares of 
stock, shall equal, or to distribute them on the same principle 
among as many candidates as he shall think tit ; and such direc- 
tors or managers shall not be elected in any other manner. 

§ 4. No law shall be passed by the general assembly, granting 
the right to construct and operate a street railroad within any city, 
town, or incorporated village, without requiring the consent of 
the local authorities having the control of the street or highway 
proposed to be occupied by such street railroad. 

BANKS. 

§ 5. No State bank shall hereafter be created, nor shall the 
State own or be liable for any stock in any corporation or joint 
stock company or association for banking purposes, now created, 
or to be hereafter created. No act of the general assembly au- 
thorizing or creating corporations or associations, with banking 
powers, whether of issue, deposit or discount, nor amendments 
thereto, shall go into effect or in any manner be in force unless 
the same shall be submitted to a vote of the people at the general 
election next succeeding the passage of the same, and be approved 
by a majority of all the votes cast at such election for or against 
such law. 

§ 6 . Every stockholder in a banking corporation or institution 
shall be individually responsible and liable to its creditors, over 
and above the amount of stock by him or her held, to an amount 
equal to his or her respective shares so held, for all its liabilities 
accruing while he or she remains such stockholder. 

§ 7. The suspension of specie payments by banking institu- 
tions, on their circulation, created by the laws of this State, shall 
never be permitted or sanctioned. Every banking association 
now, or which may hereafter be, organized under the laws of this 



.42 Constitution 



State, shall make and publish a full and accurate quarterly state- 
ment of its affairs, (which shall be certified to, under oath, by one 
or more of its officers,) as may be provided by law. 

§ 8. If a general banking law shall be enacted, it shall provide 
for the registry and countersigning, by an officer of state, of all 
bills or paper credit, designed to circulate as money, and require 
security, to the full amount thereof, to be deposited with the State 
treasurer, in United States or Illinois State stocks, to be rated at 
ten per cent, below their par value ; and in case of a depreciation 
of said stocks to the amount often per cent, below par, the bank 
or banks owning said stocks shall be required to make up said de- 
ficiency, by depositing additional stocks. And said law shall also 
provide for the recording of the names of all stockholders in such 
corporations, the amount of stock held by each, the time of any 
transfer thereof, and to whom such transfer is made. 

RAILROADS. 

§ 9. Every railroad corporation organized or doing business in 
this State, under the laws or authority thereof, shall have and 
maintain a public office or place in this State for the transaction of 
its business, where transfers of stock shall be made, and in which 
shall be kept, for public inspection, books, in which shall be re- 
corded the amount of capital stock subscribed, and by whom ; the 
names of the owners of its stock, and the amounts owned by them 
respectively; the amount of stock paid in, and by whom; the 
transfers of said stock ; the amount of its assets and liabilities, and 
the names and place of residence of its officers. The directors of 
every railroad corporation shall, annually, make a report, under 
oath, to the auditor of public accounts, or some officer to be desig- 
nated by law, of all their acts and doings, which report shall 
include such matters relating to railroads as may be prescribed by 
law. And the general assembly shall pass laws enforcing by 
suitable penalties the provisions of this section. 

§ 10. The rolling stock, and all other movable property be- 
longing to any railroad company or corporation in this State, shall 
be considered personal property, and shall be liable to execution 
and sale in the same manner as the personal property of individ- 
uals, and the general assembly shall pass no law exempting any 
such property from execution and sale. 



State of Illinois. 43 



§ 11. No railroad corporation shall consolidate its stock, prop- 
erty or franchises with any other railroad corporation owning a 
parallel or competing line ; and in no case shall any consolidation 
take place except upon public notice given, of at least sixty days, 
to all stockholders, in such manner as may be provided by law. 
A majority of the directors of any railroad corporation, now in- 
corporated or hereafter to be incorporated by the laws of this 
State, shall be citizens and residents of this State. 

§ 12. Railways heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter 
be constructed in this State, are hereby declared public highways, 
and shall be free to all persons for the transportation of their per- 
sons and property thereon, under such regulations as may be pre- 
scribed by law. And the general assembly shall, from time to 
time, pass laws establishing reasonable maximum rates of charges 
for the transportation of passengers and freight on the different 
railroads in this State. 

§ 13. No railroad corporation shall issue any stock or bonds, 
except for money, labor or property, actually received, and applied 
to the purposes for which such corporation was created ; and all 
stock dividends, and other fictitious increase of the capital stock or 
indebtedness of any such corporation, shall be void. The capital 
stock of no railroad corporation shall be increased for any purpose, 
except upon giving sixty days' public notice, in such manner as 
may be provided by law. 

§ 14. The exercise of the power, and the right of eminent do- 
main shall never be so construed or abridged as to prevent the 
taking, by the general assemby, of the property and franchises of 
incorporated companies already organized, and subjecting them 
to the public necessity the same as of individuals. The right of 
trial by jury shall be held inviolate in all trials of claims for com- 
pensation, when, in the exercise of the said right of eminent do- 
main, any incorporated company shall be interested either for or 
against the exercise of said right. 

§ 15. The general assembly shall pass laws to correct abuses 
and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates of 
freight and passenger tariffs on the different railroads in this 
State, and enforce such laws, by adequate penalties, to the extent, 
if necessary for that purpose, of forfeiture of their property and 
franchises. 



44 



Constitution 



ARTICLE XII. 

MILITIA. 



§ 1. Persons composing the Militia. 

§ 2. Organization — Equipment — Disci' 

pline. 
§ 3. Commissions of Officers. 



§ 4. Privilege from Arrest. 

§ 5. Records, Banners and Relics. 

| 6. Exemption from militia duty. 



§ 1. The militia of the State of Illinois shall consist of all able- 
bodied male persons, resident in the State, between the ages of 
eighteen and forty-five, except such persons as now are, or here- 
after may be, exempted by the laws of the United States, or of this 
State. 

§ 2. The general assembly, in providing for the organization, 
equipment and discipline of the militia, shall conform as nearly as 
practicable to the regulations for the government of the armies of 
the United States. 

§ 3. All militia officers shall be commissioned by the gover- 
ernor, and may hold their commissions for such time as the gen- 
eral assembly may provide. 

§ 4. The militia shall, in all cases, except treason, felony or 
breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attend- 
ance at musters and elections, and in going to and returing from 
the same. 

§ 5. The military records, banners and relics of the State, shall 
be preserved as an enduring memorial of the patriotism and valor 
of Illinois, and it shall be the duty of the general assembly to pro- 
vide by law for the safe keeping of the same. 

§ 6. No person having conscientious scruples against bearing 
arms, shall be compelled to do militia duty in time of peace : Pro- 
vided^ such person shall pay an equivalent for such exemption. 



State oe Illinois. 45 



AKTICLE XIII. 

WAREHOUSES. 



§ 1. What deemed Public Warehouses. 

§ 2. Sworn weekly statements required. 

§ 3. Examination of property stored. 

§ 4. Carriers to Deliver full Weight. 



§ 5 . Delivery of Grain by Railroads . 
b 6. Power and Duty of the Legislature. 
| 7. Grain Inspection — Protection of 
Dealers. 



§ 1. All elevators or storehouses where grain or other prop- 
erty is stored for a compensation, whether the property stored be 
kept separate or not, are declared to be public warehouses. 

§ 2. The owner, lessee or manager of each and every public 
warehouse situated in any town or city of not less than 100,000 
inhabitants, shall make weekly statements under oath, before some 
officer to be designated by law, and keep the same posted in some 
conspicuous place in the office of such warehouse, and shall also 
file a copy for public examination in such place as shall be desig- 
nated by law, which statement shall correctly set forth the amount 
and grade of each and every kind of grain in such warehouse, to- 
gether with such other property as may be stored therein, and 
what warehouse receipts have been issued, and are, at the time of 
making such statement, outstanding therefor ; and shall, on the 
copy posted in the warehouse, note daily such changes as may be 
made in the quantity and grade of grain in such warehouse ; and 
the different grades of grain shipped in separate lots, shall not be 
mixed with inferior or superior grades, without the consent of the 
owner or consignee thereof. 

§ 3. The owners of property stored in any warehouse, or 
holder of a receipt for the same, shall always be at liberty to ex- 
amine such property stored, and all the books and records of the 
warehouse in regard to such property. 

§ 4. All railroad companies and other common carriers on 
railroads shall weigh or measure grain at points where it is 
shipped, and receipt for the full amount, and shall be responsible 
for the delivery of such amount to the owner or consignee thereof, 
at the place of destination. 

§ 5. All railroad companies receiving and transporting grain 
in bulk or otherwise, shall deliver the same to any consignee 
thereof, or any elevator or public warehouse to which it may be 



46 Constitution 



consigned, provided such consignee or the elevator or public ware- 
house can be reached by any track owned, leased or used, or which 
can be used, by such railroad companies ; and all railroad compa- 
nies shall permit connections to be made with their track, so that 
any such consignee, and any public warehouse, coal bank or coal 
yard, may be reached by the cars on said railroad. 

§ 6. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass all neces- 
sary laws to prevent the issue of false and fraudulent warehouse 
receipts, and to give full effect to this article of the constitution, 
which shall be liberally construed so as to protect producers and 
shippers. And the enumeration of the remedies herein named 
shall not be construed to deny to the general assembly the power 
to prescribe by law such other and further remedies as may be 
found expedient, or to deprive any person of existing common law 
remedies. 

§ 7. The general assembly shall pass laws for the inspection 
of grain, for the protection of producers, shippers and receivers of 
grain and produce. 

AKTICLE XIY. 

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 
§ 1. By a Constitutional Convention. j § 2. Proposed by the Legislature . 

§ 1. Whenever two-thirds of the members of each house of 
the general assembly shall, by a vote entered upon the journals 
thereof, concur that a convention is necessary to revise, alter or 
amend the constitution, the question shall be submitted to the 
electors at the next general election. If a majority voting at the 
election vote for a convention, the general assembly shall, at the 
next session, provide for a convention, to consist of double the 
number of members of the senate, to be elected in the same man- 
ner, at the same places, and in the same districts. The general 
assembly shall, in the act calling the convention, designate the 
day, hour and place of its meeting, jlx the pay of its members and 
officers, and provide for the payment of the same, together with 
expenses necessarily incurred by the convention in the perform- 
ance of its duties. Before proceeding, the members shall take an 
oath to support the constitution of the United States, and of the 



State of Illinois. 47 



State of Illinois, and to faithfully discharge their duties as mem- 
bers of the convention. The qualification of members shall be 
the same as that of members of the senate, and vacancies occur- 
ring shall be filled in the manner provided for filling vacancies in 
the general assembly. Said convention shall meet within three 
months after such election, and prepare such revision, alteration 
or amendments of the constitution as shall be deemed necessary, 
which shall be submitted to the electors for their ratification or 
rejection, at an election appointed by the convention for that pur- 
pose, not less than two nor more than six months after the ad- 
journment thereof; and unless so submitted and approved by a 
majority of the electors voting at the election, no such revision, 
alterations or amendments shall take effect. 

§ 2. Amendments to this constitution may be proposed in 
either house of the general assembly, and if the same shall be 
voted for by two-thirds of all the members elected to each of the 
two houses, such proposed amendments, together with the yeas 
and nays of each house thereon, shall be entered in full on their 
respective journals, and said amendments shall be submitted to the 
electors of this State for adoption or rejection, at the next election 
of members of the general assembly, in such manner as may be 
prescribed by law. The proposed amendments shall be published 
in full at least three months preceding the election, and if a ma- 
jority of the electors voting at said election shall vote for the pro- 
posed amendments, they shall become a part of this constitution. 
But the general assembly shall have no power to propose amend, 
ments to more than one article of this constitution at the same 
session, nor to the same article oftener than once in four years. 

SEPAKATE SECTIONS. 

Illinois Central Railroad. Municipal Subscriptions to~Corpora- 

Illiuois and Michigan Canal. tions. 

No contract, obligation or liability whatever, of the Illinois 
Central Eailroad Company, to pay any money into the State 
treasury, nor any lien of the State upon, or rijrht to tax property 
of said company, in accordance with the provisions of the charter 
of said company, approved Feb. 10, in the year of our Lord 1851, 
shall ever be released, suspended, modified, altered, remitted, or 



48 Constitution 



in any manner diminished or impaired by legislative or other 
authority ; and all moneys derived from said company, after the 
payment of the State debt, shall be appropriated and set apart for 
the payment of the ordinary expenses of the State government, 
and for no other purposes whatever. 

MUNICIPAL SUBSCRIPTIONS TO RAILROADS OR PRIVATE CORPORATIONS. 

No county, city, town, township, or other municipality, shall 
ever become subscriber to the capital stock of any railroad or pri- 
vate corporation, or make donation to or loan its credit in aid of 
such corporation : Provided, however, that the adoption of this 
article shall not be construed as affecting the right of any such 
municipality to make such subscriptions where the same have 
been authorized, under existing laws, by a vote of the people of 
such municipalities prior to such adoption. 

CANAL. 

The Illinois and Michigan Canal shall never be sold or leased 
until the specific proposition for the sale or lease thereof shall first 
have been submitted to a vote of the people of the State at a gen- 
eral election, and have been approved by a majority of all the 
votes polled at such election. The general assembly shall never 
loan the eredit of the State, [or make appropriations from the 
treasury thereof, in aid of railroads or canals : Provided, that any 
surplus earnings of any canal may be appropriated for its en- 
largement or extension. 

SCHEDULE. 



§ 4. Present county Courts continued. 
§ 5. All existing Courts continued. 
S 6. Persons now in Office continued. 



§ 1. Laws in Force remain Valid. 

§ 2. Fines, Penalties and Forfeitures. 

§ 3. Recognizances, Bonds, Obligations. 

That no inconvenience may arise from the alterations and amendments made in the 
constitution of this State, and to carry the same into complete effect, it is hereby 
ordained and declared : 

§ 1. That all laws in force at the adoption of this constitution, 
not inconsistent therewith, and all rights, actions, prosecutions, 
claims, and contracts of this State, individuals, or bodies corpo- 
rate, shall continue to be as valid as if this constitution had not 
been adopted. 

§ 2. That all fines, taxes, penalties and forfeitures, due and 
owing to the State of Illinois under the present constitution and 



State of Illinois. 49 



laws, shall insure to the use of the people of the State of Illinois, 
under this constitution. 

§ 3. Eecognizances, bonds, obligations, and all other instru- 
ments entered into or executed before the adoption of this consti- 
tution, to the people of the State of Illinois, to any State or 
county officer or public body, shall remain binding and valid ; 
and rights and liabilities upon the same shall continue, and all 
crimes and misdemeanors shall be tried and punished as though 
no change had been made in the constitution of this State. 

§ 4. County courts for the transaction of county business in 
counties not having adopted township organization, shall continue 
in existence and exercise their present jnrisdiction until the board 
of county commissioners provided in this constitution is organized 
in pursuance of an act of the general assembly ; and the county 
courts in all other counties shall have the same power and juris- 
diction they now possess until otherwise provided by general law. 

§ 5. All existing courts which are not in this constitution spe- 
cifically enumerated, shall continue in existence and exercise their 
present jurisdiction until otherwise provided by law. 

§ 6. All persons now filling any office or appointment shall 
continue in the exercise of the duties thereof according to their 
respective commissions or [appointments, unless by this consti- 
tution it is otherwise directed. 



§ 18. All laws of the State of Illinois, and all official writings, 
and the executive, legislative and judicial proceeding?, shall be 
conducted, preserved and published in no other than the English 
language. 

§ 19. The general assembly shall pass all laws necessary to 
carry into effect the provisions of this constitution. 

§ 20. The circuit clerks of the different counties # having a popu- 
lation over sixty thousand, shall continue to be recorders (ex-offi- 
cio) for their respective counties, under this constitution, until the 
expiration of their respective terms. 

§ 21. The judges of all courts of record in Cook county shall, 
in lieu of any salary provided for in this constitution, receive the 
compensation now provided by law until the adjournment of the 



50 Constitution 



first session of the general assembly after the adoption of this con- 
stitution. 

§ 22. The present judge of the circuit court of Cook county 
shall continue to hold the circuit court of Lake county until other- 
wise provided by law. 

§ 23. When this constitution shall be adopted, and take effect 
as the supreme law of the State of Illinois, the two-mill tax pro_ 
vided to be annually assessed and collected upon each dollar's 
worth of taxable property, in addition to all other taxes, as set 
forth in article fifteen of the now existing constitution, shall cease 
to be assessed after the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
dred and seventy. 

§ 24:. Nothing contained in this constitution shall be so con- 
strued as to deprive the general assembly of power to authorize 
the city of Quincy to create any indebtedness for railroad or 
municipal purposes, for which the people of said city shall have 
voted, and to which they shall have given, by such vote, their 
assent, prior to the thirteenth day of December, in the year of our 
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine: Provided, 
that no such indebtedness, so created, shall in any part thereof be 
paid by the State, or from any State revenue, tax or fund, but the 
same shall be paid, if at all, by the said city of Quincy alone, and 
by taxes to be levied upon the taxable property thereof: And 
provided^ further, that the general assembly shall have no power 
in the premises that it could not exercise under the present con- 
stitution of this State. 

§ 25. In case this constitution and the articles and sections 
submitted separately be adopted, the existing constitution shall 
cease in all its provisions ; and in case this constitution* be 
adopted, and any one or more of the articles or sections submit- 
ted separately be defeated, the provisions of the existing constitu- 
tion (if any) on the same subject shall remain in force. 

§ 26. The provisions of this constitution required to be execu- 
ted prior to the adoption or rejection thereof shall take effect and 
be in force immediately. 

Done in convention at the capitol, in the city of Springfield, on 
the thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand 



State of Illinois. 



51 



eight hundred and seventy, and of the independence of the United 
States of America the ninety-fourth. 
In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names: 

CHARLES HITCHCOCK, President 



William J. Allen, 
John Abbott, 
James C. Allen, 
Elliott Anthony, 
Wm. K. Archer, 
Henry I. Atkins, 
James G. Bayne, 
R. M. Benjamin, 
H. P. H. Bromwell, 
O. H. Browning, 
Wm. G. Bowman, 
Silas L. Bryan, 
H. P. Buxton, 
Daniel Cameron, 
William Cary, 
Lawrence S. Church, 
Hiram H. Cody, 
W. F. Coolbaugh, 
Alfred M. Craig, 
Robert J. Cross, 
Samuel P. Cummings, 
John Dement, 
G. S. Eldridge, 
James W. English, 
David Ellis, 
Ferris Forrnan, 
Jesse C. Fox, 
Miles A. Fuller, 
John P. Gamble, 
Addison Goodell, 
John C. Haines, 
Elijah M. Haines, 
John W. Hankins, 
R. P. Hanna, 
Joseph Hart, 
Abel Harwood, 



Jas. McCoy, 
Charles E. McDowell, 
William C. Goodhue, 
Joseph Medill, 
Clifton H. Moore, 
Jonathan Merriam, 
Joseph Parker, 
Samuel C. Parks, 
Peleg S. Perley, 
J. S. Poage, 
Edward Y. Rice, 
James P. Robinson, 
Lewis W. Ross, 
William P. Pierce, 
N. J. Pillsbury, 
Jno. Scholfield, 
James M. Sharp, 
Henry Sherrell, 
Wm. H. Snyder, 
O. C. Skinner, 
Westel W. Sedgwick, 
Charles F. Springer, 
John L. Tincher, 
C. Truesdale, 
Henry Tubbs, 
Thomas J. Turner, 
Wm. H. Underwood, 
Wm. L. Yandeventer, 
Henry W. Wells, 
George E. Wait, 
George W. Wall, 
R. B. Sutherland, 
D. C. Wagner, 
George R. Wendling, 
Chas. Wheaton, 



52 Constitution 



Milton Hay, L. D. Whiting, 

Samuel Snowden Hayes, John H. "Wilson, 
Jesse S. Hildrup, Orlando H. Wright. 

Eobert A. King, 
Attest: — John Q. Harmon, Secretary. 

Daniel Shepard, First Assistant Secretary. 

A. H. Swain, Second Assistant Secretary. 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) n ~ , „ . 

STATE OF ILLINOIS. J ss ' 0fflce of Secrdar y- 

I, George EL Harlow, Secretary of the State of Illinois, do hereby certify that 
the foregoing is a true copy of the constitution of the State of Illinois adopted in 
convention the 13th day of May 1870, ratified by a vote of the people the 2nd day of 
July 1870, and in force on the 8th day of August 1870, and now on file in this office. 
In testimony whereof I hereto set my hand and affix the Great Seal of State, at the 
city of Springfield, this 31st day of March, A. D .1873. 

GEO. H. HARLOW, Secretary of State. 



PROCLAMATION. 

STATE OF ILLINOIS, DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 

Pursuant to the provisions of section 11 of the schedule of the constitution adopted 
by the people of the State of Illinois, on Saturday, the second day of July, A. D. 18T0, 
I, John M. Palmer, Governor of the State of Illinois, do hereby proclaim that on the 
twenty-seventh day of July, A. D. 1870, the official abstracts of the vote cast on the said 
second day of July, A. D. 1870, by the electors of the several counties of the State of 
Illinois, for and against the adoption of the proposed new constitution of the State of 
Illinois, and for and against the adoption of the several articles separately submitted 
therewith, were duly canvassed by the Secretary of State, Auditor and Treasurer of 
State, in my presence, and that the result of said canvass was as follows : 

For the new Constitution, there were 134,227 votes. 

A gainst the new Constitution 35,443 votes. 

For the sections relating to Railroads, in the article entitled "Copo- 

rations" 144,750 votes. 

Against the sections relating to Railroads, in the article entitled "Cor- 
porations" 23.525 votes. 

For the article entitled "Counties" 136,815 votes. 

Against the article entitled "Counties" 31,644 votes, 

For the article entitled "Warehouses" 143,533 votes. 

Against the article entitled "Warehouses" 22,702 votes. 

For a three-fifths vote to remove county seats 127,077 votes. 

Against a three-fifths vote to remove county seats 41,417 votes. 

For the section relating to Illinois Central Railroad 147,032 votes. 

Against the section relating to Illinois Central Railroad 21,310 votes. 

For the section relating to Minority Representation 99.022 votes. 

Against the section relating to Minority Representation 70,080 votes. 

For the section relating to Municipal Subscriptions to Railroads or Pri- 
vate Corporations 134,114 votes. 

Against the section relating to Municipal subscriptions to .Railroads or 

Private Corporations 34,061 votes. 

For the section relating to the Canal 142,540 votes. 

Against the section relating to the Canal 27,017 votes, 

And it further appearing from said abstracts that a majority of the votes cast were 
for the adoption of the proposed^constitution, and^for all the several articles, separately 
submitted therewith :. Now, therefore, I, John M. Palmer, Governor of the State of 
Illinois, do further proclaim that on and after the eighth day of August, A. D. 1870, the 
aforesaid constitution and the articles submitted therewith, will become the supreme 
law of the State of Illinois. In testimony whereof, I have hereto set my hand and 
caused the great Seal of State to be affixed. Done at Springfield, this twenty-seventh 
day of July, A, D. 1870, 

JOHN M. PALMER. 

[seal.] By the Governor ; Edward Rummel, Secretary of State. 



" " M ■ III ■ II ' I „ I W K M 



CONSTITUTION 



OF THE 



STATE OF ILLINOIS. 



ADOPTED AND RATIFIED, 



1870. 



SPRINGFIELD, ILL. 

ILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL JOB PRINT. 
1873. 



:>»>>> 



> >» , >i> >> 

> >> ■ 






~-x 


•» > 


"3?* ~^~M>- 


> 




•> jf^m > i> 


>,.-►> 


> -> ^ > 


> 


•» 


> 

> 


s 


J ^ I ~s? 





> 




3>>> 3 




> 

•> 


> "^SB^ - * 


i>^^> > "> 


> 




5fc) ^5^ >^3k^ ^ 






i o . 33 


^vS>)> 


33) ^>J> >^ 


-y 


> 


> 

> 
> > 

2 


► 


5? ? ?SS 


>' 


• :> 


• ' ~3 






> 


> 
- 


^ 


> > , 


^ 


> > 




Z^> > >> * ^•fi^ 




> '.^ 


: 


^>>>~> 


> ;» ^j> > 


j> 


:> 


"3b 


'J 


">• > s> ^SSW* 


> 


► > 


...\ ! 




> > >. > - > > 


> 
> 


> 


> ^ 


» 


~^ "> ~> ""3Hfl^ 




^ 


> : > >~> 


:*►•■ >■■ 


"> ^^> >2> > 


^> 


> 


> 


> 


~> v * V> ■"*"««* 






> 3 


"U^^ix^ 


>5 >0 ,^> > - > 


j> 


> > 


^* 


^> > "> - *^3R 


» 


> > 


O 


^j^j 


3 > » > 




^> 


« 


3 


► T> •!>'>' J| 


►\ 


> 


> ^> » 


■ ":>>>•» > x> i> >> 


) 


) 




3 


> .>J> :>> J 


IE 


► i 
■ 


>J> 






> 

> 


> > > >^ 


> 3 


J* 


* > > > '> > ■ Tb 


» 


9 


•^ > 5 > 


> > 


■i>3 J» ^3fc >5) 




> 


-"> ) 


J> :>>> > • 




> 


^> ^ ) ) 


>T>»; 


;» » j>>>' . 




> 


> > 


>» > »->_> ',jl 


►- 


J> 


> > 


">;>»> 


pj lX>J*:l&> 




J> 


> . 


» 


■>■>>> ■_> • Z^Jb 


k .• 


-* \ 


> > ) > 3 


j^j», 


-».> >>y »>'.>'> 




> 


J> 


» 


"> » > • ."3 


» 


^ 


>"> > >^> 


>^ 


g> >> ' > >» x - 




> 




>> 


> > > - JJJMfc 




» > 


> > 


>> <j*> i 


>> >»• - > >» 


'j 


► • 


»> - 


>•> 


>' » > > -~Z3* 


► ' 




> > 


> r» >3&> 




> j 




>^» 


-> > > • . > : J»» 






» > 


>, jn 


> » , » 


j 


> > 


> • 


:» 


► •> > > ;> »->-i ^i 


fcv 




> > >•:> 


> 1 5 


» j >:>* 3» 




.> 












> ^ > > 
* > 


> ->• 


»> » » 




2 

> 






"* > "* > 


> > 7 


*> >>fc Ofc 




v» 






15> ^> ■-> > 


;C 


"J^ 


- ^ ) 7> 


>^» 


^> >^ ^> 


( 




) ) > 




^> > j) < > ; > 


-■>> 


S 


•O ) _> 


> )> 


JX> ->^> > .• 




3j 


> > 






j 
i 


^ 


O > 3. 

>> > ^ 








■ J>Z 






> ) r> ) ; > 


y 


> 


:oj ■> 


J> >J> > 










:»> » ;> ->• i> _> 




J> 


■> • • Jp 


> s»> ; 


j^ -> j^ j> 




' s .> 






o> >.»,>> J> _> . 




>■ 


r> i ^» 


> i»' s 


» > > jT 




> 






>-> > > >"• ;_>> > 


* 


> 


r> ^ ^^ 


> "2fc> " 


» ^> ^> >' 




, > 






>>> > »> , > 3: ~^ j 




^> 


^ 


► >r» 


^ >^> >> 




~> > .z 






'2S»y >>> > > -j^ .*, 




v> 


> > ■ ^ 


► ^» 3*> 


^ > > J> 




> ) 






'**■■' • » > s "3^ :> 




> 


3 


^ > ■■!*> 


3E. "> >^^ 




> > ~ 






3b>>>> > > J^- 


j 


■£> 


\> > 


^^)>? 


^» ^>^> > 




>) 






J«> J> > > ""^ 


.> 


5 


) > 


:>»> 


J> > > > 




» 



• 





w> > -> - > , ^^^ , 


.-> -> > 


> > 


^> "> > - > ^Bfr 


^-> ^>^ 


) > ) 


>> r>> 3i 


r>^ » 


t> j) > 




^>3 » 


> y > 


r^> ^ > '> j> ^3w» 


2> > > J 




J^ ) > ^> ^Sj^ 


^ ?^ 



">X50P» 



> > 



^ ^ > 



> J 


:> 


> > 


> 


> > 


» 


^> > 


^ 


J > 

> > > 


> 


> > 


5 


> > 




>> 


> 


1 J>> 


5 



3S» > 



> > 
) ) 






iSK>>> 



>)^« '•> >•' "> 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



021 051 725 A 



